
Our Journey
'A good tree cannot
bring forth
evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit' Mt 7.18
We must never forget that
our primary objective is to seek
the union of the inner with our one GOD of all goodness, returning to
our true spiritual home.
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Gospel of Truth (140-180 CE)
Irenaeus reports that the
Valentineans used of the Gospel of Truth as scripture. Unfortunately,
he reveals little about the content of the work, except that it
differed significantly from the canonical Gospels. Scholars are divided
as to whether the Nag Hammadi Gospel of Truth derives from Valentinus.
More like a meditation on the Christian life and salvation than a
traditional gospel, the treatise shows little trace of the elaborate
speculations that are associated with the Valentinian system. Some
scholars, however, believe that these speculations are not emphasized
in order to conciliate orthodox opinion. If so, a date of composition
in the middle of the 2nd century would be established.
On the basis of literary and conceptual affinities between the Nag
Hammadi text and the exiguous fragments of Valentinus, some scholars
have suggested that Valentinus himself was the author. Whatever the
precise date and authorship, the work was certainly composed in Greek
in an elaborate rhetorical style, by a consummate literary artist.
Despite its title, this work is not a gospel of the sort found in the
New Testament, since it does not offer a continuous narration of the
deeds, teachings, passion, and resurrection of Jesus. The term "gospel"
in the first line preserves its early sense of "good news". It defines
the text's subject, not its genre, which is best understood as a
homily. Like other early Christian homilies, such as the Epistle to the
Hebrews, The Gospel of Truth alternates doctrinal exposition with
paraenesis and like that canonical work, it reflects on the
significance of the salvific work of Jesus from a special theological
perspective.
The Gospel of Truth's combination of literary and conceptual
sophistication with genuine religious feeling suggests much better than
the rather dry accounts of Gnostic systems in the heresiologists why
the teaching of Valentinus and his school had such an appeal for many
Christians of the 2nd century.
The
Gospel of Truth
Translated by Robert M. Grant
The gospel of truth is
joy to those who have received from the Father of truth the gift of
knowing him by the power of the Logos, who has come from the Pleroma
and who is in the thought and the mind of the Father; he it is who is
called "the Savior," since that is the name of the work which he must
do for the redemption of those who have not known the Father. For the
name of the gospel is the manifestation of hope, since that is the
discovery of those who seek him, because the All sought him from whom
it had come forth. You see, the All had been inside of him, that
illimitable, inconceivable one, who is better than every thought.
This ignorance of the Father brought about terror and fear. And terror
became dense like a fog, that no one was able to see. Because of this,
error became strong. But it worked on its hylic substance vainly,
because it did not know the truth. It was in a fashioned form while it
was preparing, in power and in beauty, the equivalent of truth. This
then, was not a humiliation for him, that illimitable, inconceivable
one. For they were as nothing, this terror and this forgetfulness and
this figure of falsehood, whereas this established truth is unchanging,
unperturbed and completely beautiful.
For this reason, do not
take error too seriously. Thus, since it had no root, it was in a fog
as regards the Father, engaged in preparing works and forgetfulnesses
and fears in order, by these means, to beguile those of the middle and
to make them captive. The forgetfulness of error was not revealed. It
did not become light beside the Father. Forgetfulness did not exist
with the Father, although it existed because of him. What exists in him
is knowledge, which was revealed so that forgetfulness might be
destroyed and that they might know the Father, Since forgetfulness
existed because they did not know the Father, if they then come to know
the Father, from that moment on forgetfulness will cease to exist.
That is the gospel of him whom they seek, which he has revealed to the
perfect through the mercies of the Father as the hidden mystery, Jesus
the Christ. Through him he enlightened those who were in darkness
because of forgetfulness. He enlightened them and gave them a path. And
that path is the truth which he taught them. For this reason error was
angry with him, so it persecuted him. It was distressed by him, so it
made him powerless. He was nailed to a cross. He became a fruit of the
knowledge of the Father. He did not, however, destroy them because they
ate of it. He rather caused those who ate of it to be joyful because of
this discovery.
And as for him, them he found in himself, and him they found in
themselves, that illimitable, inconceivable one, that perfect Father
who made the all, in whom the All is, and whom the All lacks, since he
retained in himself their perfection, which he had not given to the
all. The Father was not jealous. What jealousy, indeed, is there
between him and his members? For, even if the Aeon had received their
perfection, they would not have been able to approach the perfection of
the Father, because he retained their perfection in himself, giving it
to them as a way to return to him and as a knowledge unique in
perfection. He is the one who set the All in order and in whom the All
existed and whom the All lacked. As one of whom some have no knowledge,
he desires that they know him and that they love him. For what is it
that the All lacked, if not the knowledge of the Father?
He became a guide, quiet and in leisure. In the middle of a school he
came and spoke the Word, as a teacher. Those who were wise in their own
estimation came to put him to the test. But he discredited them as
empty-headed people. They hated him because they really were not wise
men. After all these came also the little children, those who possess
the knowledge of the Father. When they became strong they were taught
the aspects of the Father's face. They came to know and they were
known. They were glorified and they gave glory. In their heart, the
living book of the Living was manifest, the book which was written in
the thought and in the mind of the Father and, from before the
foundation of the All, is in that incomprehensible part of him.
This is the book which no one found possible to take, since it was
reserved for him who will take it and be slain. No one was able to be
manifest from those who believed in salvation as long as that book had
not appeared. For this reason, the compassionate, faithful Jesus was
patient in his sufferings until he took that book, since he knew that
his death meant life for many. Just as in the case of a will which has
not yet been opened, for the fortune of the deceased master of the
house is hidden, so also in the case of the All which had been hidden
as long as the Father of the All was invisible and unique in himself,
in whom every space has its source. For this reason Jesus appeared. He
took that book as his own. He was nailed to a cross. He affixed the
edict of the Father to the cross.
Oh, such great teaching! He abases himself even unto death, though he
is clothed in eternal life. Having divested himself of these perishable
rags, he clothed himself in incorruptibility, which no one could
possibly take from him. Having entered into the empty territory of
fears, he passed before those who were stripped by forgetfulness, being
both knowledge and perfection, proclaiming the things that are in the
heart of the Father, so that he became the wisdom of those who have
received instruction. But those who are to be taught, the living who
are inscribed in the book of the living, learn for themselves,
receiving instructions from the Father, turning to him again.
Since the perfection of
the All is in the Father, it is necessary for the All to ascend to him.
Therefore, if one has knowledge, he gets what belongs to him and draws
it to himself. For he who is ignorant, is deficient, and it is a great
deficiency, since he lacks that which will make him perfect. Since the
perfection of the All is in the Father, it is necessary for the All to
ascend to him and for each one to get the things which are his. He
registered them first, having prepared them to be given to those who
came from him.
Those whose name he knew first were called last, so that the one who
has knowledge is he whose name the Father has pronounced. For he whose
name has not been spoken is ignorant. Indeed, how shall one hear if his
name has not been uttered? For he who remains ignorant until the end is
a creature of forgetfulness and will perish with it. If this is not so,
why have these wretches no name, why do they have no sound? Hence, if
one has knowledge, he is from above. If he is called, he hears, he
replies, and he turns toward him who called him and he ascends to him
and he knows what he is called. Since he has knowledge, he does the
will of him who called him. He desires to please him and he finds rest.
He receives a certain name. He who thus is going to have knowledge
knows whence he came and whither he is going. He knows it as a person
who, having become intoxicated, has turned from his drunkenness and
having come to himself, has restored what is his own.
He has turned many from error. He went before them to their own places,
from which they departed when they erred because of the depth of him
who surrounds every place, whereas there is nothing which surrounds
him. It was a great wonder that they were in the Father without knowing
him and that they were able to leave on their own, since they were not
able to contain him and know him in whom they were, for indeed his will
had not come forth from him. For he revealed it as a knowledge with
which all its emanations agree, namely, the knowledge of the living
book which he revealed to the Aeons at last as his letters, displaying
to them that these are not merely vowels nor consonants, so that one
may read them and think of something void of meaning; on the contrary,
they are letters which convey the truth. They are pronounced only when
they are known. Each letter is a perfect truth like a perfect book, for
they are letters written by the hand of the unity, since the Father
wrote them for the Aeons, so that they by means of his letters might
come to know the Father.
While his wisdom mediates
on the logos, and since his teaching expresses it, his knowledge has
been revealed. His honor is a crown upon it. Since his joy agrees with
it, his glory exalted it. It has revealed his image. It has obtained
his rest. His love took bodily form around it. His trust embraced it.
Thus the logos of the Father goes forth into the All, being the fruit
of his heart and expression of his will. It supports the All. It
chooses and also takes the form of the All, purifying it, and causing
it to return to the Father and to the Mother, Jesus of the utmost
sweetness. The Father opens his bosom, but his bosom is the Holy
Spirit. He reveals his hidden self which is his son, so that through
the compassion of the Father the Aeons may know him, end their wearying
search for the Father and rest themselves in him, knowing that this is
rest. After he had filled what was incomplete, he did away with form.
The form of it is the world, that which it served. For where there is
envy and strife, there is an incompleteness; but where there is unity,
there is completeness. Since this incompleteness came about because
they did not know the Father, so when they know the Father,
incompleteness, from that moment on, will cease to exist. As one's
ignorance disappears when he gains knowledge, and as darkness
disappears when light appears, so also incompleteness is eliminated by
completeness. Certainly, from that moment on, form is no longer
manifest, but will be dissolved in fusion with unity. For now their
works lie scattered. In time unity will make the spaces complete. By
means of unity each one will understand itself. By means of knowledge
it will purify itself of diversity with a view towards unity, devouring
matter within itself like fire and darkness by light, death by life.
Certainly, if these things have happened to each one of us, it is
fitting for us, surely, to think about the All so that the house may be
holy and silent for unity. Like people who have moved from a
neighborhood, if they have some dishes around which are not good, they
usually break them. Nevertheless the householder does not suffer a
loss, but rejoices, for in the place of these defective dishes there
are those which are completely perfect. For this is the judgement which
has come from above and which has judged every person, a drawn
two-edged sword cutting on this side and that. When it appeared, I
mean, the Logos, who is in the heart of those who pronounce it - it was
not merely a sound but it has become a body - a great disturbance
occurred among the dishes, for some were emptied, others filled: some
were provided for, others were removed; some were purified, still
others were broken. All the spaces were shaken and disturbed for they
had no composure nor stability. Error was disturbed not knowing what it
should do. It was troubled; it lamented, it was beside itself because
it did not know anything. When knowledge, which is its abolishment,
approached it with all its emanations, error is empty, since there is
nothing in it. Truth appeared; all its emanations recognized it. They
actually greeted the Father with a power which is complete and which
joins them with the Father. For each one loves truth because truth is
the mouth of the Father. His tongue is the Holy Spirit, who joins him
to truth attaching him to the mouth of the Father by his tongue at the
time he shall receive the Holy Spirit.
This is the manifestation of the Father and his revelation to his
Aeons. He revealed his hidden self and explained it. For who is it who
exists if it is not the Father himself? All the spaces are his
emanations. They knew that they stem from him as children from a
perfect man. They knew that they had not yet received form nor had they
yet received a name, every one of which the Father produces. If they at
that time receive form of his knowledge, though they are truly in him,
they do not know him. But the Father is perfect. He knows every space
which is within him. If he pleases, he reveals anyone whom he desires
by giving him a form and by giving him a name; and he does give him a
name and cause him to come into being. Those who do not yet exist are
ignorant of him who created them. I do not say, then, that those who do
not yet exist are nothing. But they are in him who will desire that
they exist when he pleases, like the event which is going to happen. On
the one hand, he knows, before anything is revealed, what he will
produce. On the other hand, the fruit which has not yet been revealed
does not know anything, nor is it anything either. Thus each space
which, on its part, is in the Father comes from the existent one, who,
on his part, has established it from the nonexistent. [...] he who does
not exist at all, will never exist.
What, then, is that which he wants him to think? "I am like the shadows
and phantoms of the night." When morning comes, this one knows that the
fear which he had experienced was nothing. Thus they were ignorant of
the Father; he is the one whom they did not see. Since there had been
fear and confusion and a lack of confidence and doublemindness and
division, there were many illusions which were conceived by him, the
foregoing, as well as empty ignorance - as if they were fast asleep and
found themselves a prey to troubled dreams. Either there is a place to
which they flee, or they lack strength as they come, having pursued
unspecified things. Either they are involved in inflicting blows, or
they themselves receive bruises. Either they are falling from high
places, or they fly off through the air, though they have no wings at
all. Other times, it is as if certain people were trying to kill them,
even though there is no one pursuing them; or, they themselves are
killing those beside them, for they are stained by their blood. Until
the moment when they who are passing through all these things - I mean
they who have experienced all these confusions - awake, they see
nothing because the dreams were nothing. It is thus that they who cast
ignorance from them as sheep do not consider it to be anything, nor
regard its properties to be something real, but they renounce them like
a dream in the night and they consider the knowledge of the Father to
be the dawn. It is thus that each one has acted, as if he were asleep,
during the time when he was ignorant and thus he comes to understand,
as if he were awakening. And happy is the man who comes to himself and
awakens. Indeed, blessed is he who has opened the eyes of the blind.
And the Spirit came to him in haste when it raised him. Having given
its hand to the one lying prone on the ground, it placed him firmly on
his feet, for he had not yet stood up. He gave them the means of
knowing the knowledge of the Father and the revelation of his son. For
when they saw it and listened to it, he permitted them to take a taste
of and to smell and to grasp the beloved son.
He appeared, informing them of the Father, the illimitable one. He
inspired them with that which is in the mind, while doing his will.
Many received the light and turned towards him. But material men were
alien to him and did not discern his appearance nor recognize him. For
he came in the likeness of flesh and nothing blocked his way because it
was incorruptible and unrestrainable. Moreover, while saying new
things, speaking about what is in the heart of the Father, he
proclaimed the faultless word. Light spoke through his mouth, and his
voice brought forth life. He gave them thought and understanding and
mercy and salvation and the Spirit of strength derived from the
limitlessness of the Father and sweetness. He caused punishments and
scourgings to cease, for it was they which caused many in need of mercy
to astray from him in error and in chains - and he mightily destroyed
them and derided them with knowledge. He became a path for those who
went astray and knowledge to those who were ignorant, a discovery for
those who sought, and a support for those who tremble, a purity for
those who were defiled.
He is the shepherd who left behind the ninety-nine sheep which had not
strayed and went in search of that one which was lost. He rejoiced when
he had found it. For ninety-nine is a number of the left hand, which
holds it. The moment he finds the one, however, the whole number is
transferred to the right hand. Thus it is with him who lacks the one,
that is, the entire right hand which attracts that in which it is
deficient, seizes it from the left side and transfers it to the right.
In this way, then, the number becomes one hundred. This number
signifies the Father.
He labored even on the Sabbath for the sheep which he found fallen into
the pit. He saved the life of that sheep, bringing it up from the pit
in order that you may understand fully what that Sabbath is, you who
possess full understanding. It is a day in which it is not fitting that
salvation be idle, so that you may speak of that heavenly day which has
no night and of the sun which does not set because it is perfect. Say
then in your heart that you are this perfect day and that in you the
light which does not fail dwells.
Speak concerning the truth to those who seek it and of knowledge to
those who, in their error, have committed sin. Make sure-footed those
who stumble and stretch forth your hands to the sick. Nourish the
hungry and set at ease those who are troubled. Foster men who love.
Raise up and awaken those who sleep. For you are this understanding
which encourages. If the strong follow this course, they are even
stronger. Turn your attention to yourselves. Do not be concerned with
other things, namely, that which you have cast forth from yourselves,
that which you have dismissed. Do not return to them to eat them. Do
not be moth-eaten. Do not be worm-eaten, for you have already shaken it
off. Do not be a place of the devil, for you have already destroyed
him. Do not strengthen your last obstacles, because that is
reprehensible. For the lawless one is nothing. He harms himself more
than the law. For that one does his works because he is a lawless
person. But this one, because he is a righteous person, does his works
among others. Do the will of the Father, then, for you are from him.
For the Father is sweet and his will is good. He knows the things that
are yours, so that you may rest yourselves in them. For by the fruits
one knows the things that are yours, that they are the children of the
Father, and one knows his aroma, that you originate from the grace of
his countenance. For this reason, the Father loved his aroma; and it
manifests itself in every place; and when it is mixed with matter, he
gives his aroma to the light; and into his rest he causes it to ascend
in every form and in every sound. For there are no nostrils which smell
the aroma, but it is the Spirit which possesses the sense of smell and
it draws it for itself to itself and sinks into the aroma of the
Father. He is, indeed, the place for it, and he takes it to the place
from which it has come, in the first aroma which is cold. It is
something in a psychic form, resembling cold water which is [...] since
it is in soil which is not hard, of which those who see it think, "It
is earth." Afterwards, it becomes soft again. If a breath is taken, it
is usually hot. The cold aromas, then, are from the division. For this
reason, God came and destroyed the division and he brought the hot
Pleroma of love, so that the cold may not return, but the unity of the
Perfect Thought prevail.
This is the word of the
Gospel of the finding of the Pleroma for those who wait for the
salvation which comes from above. When their hope, for which they are
waiting, is waiting - they whose likeness is the light in which there
is no shadow, then at that time the Pleroma is about to come. The
deficiency of matter, however, is not because of the limitlessness of
the Father who comes at the time of the deficiency. And yet no one is
able to say that the incorruptible One will come in this manner. But
the depth of the Father is increasing, and the thought of error is not
with him. It is a matter of falling down and a matter of being readily
set upright at the finding of that one who has come to him who will
turn back.
For this turning back is called "repentance". For this reason,
incorruption has breathed. It followed him who has sinned in order that
he may find rest. For forgiveness is that which remains for the light
in the deficiency, the word of the pleroma. For the physician hurries
to the place in which there is sickness, because that is the desire
which he has. The sick man is in a deficient condition, but he does not
hide himself because the physician possesses that which he lacks. In
this manner the deficiency is filled by the Pleroma, which has no
deficiency, which has given itself out in order to fill the one who is
deficient, so that grace may take him, then, from the area which is
deficient and has no grace. Because of this a diminishing occurred in
the place which there is no grace, the area where the one who is small,
who is deficient, is taken hold of.
He revealed himself as a Pleroma, i.e., the finding of the light of
truth which has shined towards him, because he is unchangeable. For
this reason, they who have been troubled speak about Christ in their
midst so that they may receive a return and he may anoint them with the
ointment. The ointment is the pity of the Father, who will have mercy
on them. But those whom he has anointed are those who are perfect. For
the filled vessels are those which are customarily used for anointing.
But when an anointing is finished, the vessel is usually empty, and the
cause of its deficiency is the consumption of its ointment. For then a
breath is drawn only through the power which he has. But the one who is
without deficiency - one does not trust anyone beside him nor does one
pour anything out. But that which is the deficient is filled again by
the perfect Father. He is good. He knows his plantings because he is
the one who has planted them in his Paradise. And his Paradise is his
place of rest.
This is the perfection in the thought of the Father and these are the
words of his reflection. Each one of his words is the work of his will
alone, in the revelation of his Logos. Since they were in the depth of
his mind, the Logos, who was the first to come forth, caused them to
appear, along with an intellect which speaks the unique word by means
of a silent grace. It was called "thought," since they were in it
before becoming manifest. It happened, then, that it was the first to
come forth - at the moment pleasing to the will of him who desired it;
and it is in the will that the Father is at rest and with which he is
pleased. Nothing happens without him, nor does anything occur without
the will of the Father. But his will is incomprehensible. His will is
his mark, but no one can know it, nor is it possible for them to
concentrate on it in order to possess it. But that which he wishes
takes place at the moment he wishes it - even if the view does not
please anyone: it is God`s will. For the Father knows the beginning of
them all as well as their end. For when their end arrives, he will
question them to their faces. The end, you see, is the recognition of
him who is hidden, that is, the Father, from whom the beginning came
forth and to whom will return all who have come from him. For they were
made manifest for the glory and the joy of his name.
And the name of the Father is the Son. It is he who, in the beginning,
gave a name to him who came forth from him - he is the same one - and
he begat him for a son. He gave him his name which belonged to him -
he, the Father, who possesses everything which exists around him. He
possess the name; he has the son. It is possible for them to see him.
The name, however, is invisible, for it alone is the mystery of the
invisible about to come to ears completely filled with it through the
Father`s agency. Moreover, as for the Father, his name is not
pronounced, but it is revealed through a son. Thus, then, the name is
great.
Who, then, has been able to pronounce a name for him, this great name,
except him alone to whom the name belongs and the sons of the name in
whom the name of the Father is at rest, and who themselves in turn are
at rest in his name, since the Father has no beginning? It is he alone
who engendered it for himself as a name in the beginning before he had
created the Aeons, that the name of the Father should be over their
heads as a lord - that is, the real name, which is secure by his
authority and by his perfect power. For the name is not drawn from
lexicons nor is his name derived from common name-giving, But it is
invisible. He gave a name to himself alone, because he alone saw it and
because he alone was capable of giving himself a name. For he who does
not exist has no name. For what name would one give him who did not
exist? Nevertheless, he who exists also with his name and he alone
knows it, and to him alone the Father gave a name. The Son is his name.
He did not, therefore, keep it secretly hidden, but the son came into
existence. He himself gave a name to him. The name, then, is that of
the Father, just as the name of the Father is the Son. For otherwise,
where would compassion find a name - outside of the Father? But someone
will probably say to his companion, "Who would give a name to someone
who existed before himself, as if, indeed, children did not receive
their name from one of those who gave them birth?"
Above all, then, it is fitting for us to think this point over: What is
the name? It is the real name. It is, indeed, the name which came from
the Father, for it is he who owns the name. He did not, you see, get
the name on loan, as in the case of others because of the form in which
each one of them is going to be created. This, then, is the
authoritative name. There is no one else to whom he has given it. But
it remained unnamed, unuttered, `till the moment when he, who is
perfect, pronounced it himself; and it was he alone who was able to
pronounce his name and to see it. When it pleased him, then, that his
son should be his pronounced name and when he gave this name to him, he
who has come from the depth spoke of his secrets, because he knew that
the Father was absolute goodness. For this reason, indeed, he sent this
particular one in order that he might speak concerning the place and
his place of rest from which he had come forth, and that he might
glorify the Pleroma, the greatness of his name and the sweetness of his
Father.
Each one will speak concerning the place from which he has come forth,
and to the region from which he received his essential being, he will
hasten to return once again. And he want from that place - the place
where he was - because he tasted of that place, as he was nourished and
grew. And his own place of rest is his Pleroma. All the emanations from
the Father, therefore, are Pleromas, and all his emanations have their
roots in the one who caused them all to grow from himself. He appointed
a limit. They, then, became manifest individually in order that they
might be in their own thought, for that place to which they extend
their thoughts is their root, which lifts them upward through all
heights to the Father. They reach his head, which is rest for them, and
they remain there near to it so that they say that they have
participated in his face by means of embraces. But these of this kind
were not manifest, because they have not risen above themselves.
Neither have they been deprived of the glory of the Father nor have
they thought of him as small, nor bitter, nor angry, but as absolutely
good, unperturbed, sweet, knowing all the spaces before they came into
existence and having no need of instruction. Such are they who possess
from above something of this immeasurable greatness, as they strain
towards that unique and perfect one who exists there for them. And they
do not go down to Hades. They have neither envy nor moaning, nor is
death in them. But they rest in him who rests, without wearying
themselves or becoming involved in the search for truth. But, they,
indeed, are the truth, and the Father is in them, and they are in the
Father, since they are perfect, inseparable from him who is truly good.
They lack nothing in any way, but they are given rest and are refreshed
by the Spirit. And they listen to their root; they have leisure for
themselves, they in whom he will find his root, and he will suffer no
loss to his soul.
Such is the place of the blessed; this is their place. As for the rest,
then, may they know, in their place, that it does not suit me, after
having been in the place of rest to say anything more. But he is the
one in whom I shall be in order to devote myself, at all times, to the
Father of the All and the true brothers, those upon whom the love of
the Father is lavished, and in whose midst nothing of him is lacking.
It is they who manifest themselves truly since they are in that true
and eternal life and speak of the perfect light filled with the seed of
the Father, and which is in his heart and in the Pleroma, while his
Spirit rejoices in it and glorifies him in whom it was, because the
Father is good. And his children are perfect and worthy of his name,
because he is the Father. Children of this kind are those whom he loves.
From Robert M. Grant, Gnosticism (Harper & Brothers, New York,
1961),
as quoted in Willis Barnstone, The Other Bible (Harper & Row, San
Francisco, 1984).
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